Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zepolycrylamideNgokuvamile isisindo se-molecular, iziqu ze-hydrolysis, i-ionic degree, i-viscosity, okuqukethwe okuseleyo, ngakho-ke ukwahlulela ikhwalithi kaPam kungahlulelwa nalezi zinkomba!
01Isisindo molecular
Isisindo se-molecular sikaPam siphezulu kakhulu futhi sathuthuka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.UPam, owayesetshenziswa ngawo-1970s, waba nesisindo samangqamuzana ezigidi. Kusukela ngo-1980s, isisindo samangqamuzana se-pam esebenza kahle kakhulu sasingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-15, kanti abanye bafika ezigidini ezingama-20. "Ngayinye yalezi zimbumbulu ze-pam i-polymerized ivela kuma-acrylide angaphezu kwenkulungwane acrylamide noma ama-acrylate acrylate molecule (kanye noPam ngama-monomers ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu anesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-7.1 million)."
Ngokuvamile, uPam onesisindo esiphakeme samangqamuzana unokusebenza okungcono kokudla, ngesisindo samangqamuzana esingu-71 nge-acrylamide kanye nesigidi esingu-7.1 ukuze uPam aqukethe ama-100,000. Isisindo samangqamuzana ePoliyacrylamide kanye nokutholakala kwaso kusuka kumakhulu ezinkulungwane kuya kwezigidi eziyishumi, ngokusho kwesisindo samangqamuzana kungahlukaniswa isisindo esiphansi (esingu-10 million), isisindo samangqamuzana (esingu-10 sezigidi)
Isisindo samangqamuzana sendatshana ye-macromolecular Organic, ngisho nasemkhiqizweni ofanayo akuwona umfaniswano ngokuphelele, isisindo samangqamuzana esingokomfanekiso sisilinganiso saso.
02Degree of hydrolysis kanye degree of ion
I-Ionic degree of pam inomthelela omuhle emthethweni wayo wokusebenzisa, kepha inani layo elifanele lincike othandweni kanye nohlobo lwezinto eziphathwayo, kuzoba namanani aphezulu aphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile. Uma amandla e-Ionic wezinto ezibonakalayo aphezulu (equkethe izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-ingorganic), izinga le-ionic of pam kufanele libe liphakeme, kunalokho, kufanele liphansi. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-anion libizwa nge-degree of hydrolysis. Kanye ne-Ionic degree ngokuvamile ibhekisela kwizindawo.
Ionicity = n / (m + n) * 100%
I-pam ekhiqizwe ekuqaleni kwenziwa i-polymerized kusuka ku-monomer of polysamide, eyayingenalo i--Cona Group. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa, uNaoh kufanele angezwe futhi afudunyezwe engxenyeni ye-hydrolysy ye--ConH2 Group to -Cona. I-equation imi kanjena:
-Chen2 + Naoh → -Cona + nh3 ↑
I-ammonia igesi ikhishwa ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis. Ingxenye ye-Amide Group Hydrolysis ePam ibizwa nge-degree of hydrolysis yePam, okuyizinga le-anion. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-pam akulula, futhi ukusebenza kabi (ukufudumeza i-hydrolysis kuzokwenza isisindo se-molecular kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-pam kwehle kakhulu), akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1980s.
Ukukhiqizwa kwanamuhla kwePam kunemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-Anion degree degree, umsebenzisi angakwazi ngokwesidingo nangokuhlolwa kwangempela ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele, azidingi ukuguqulwa kwe-hydrolysis, ngemuva kokuchithwa kungasetshenziswa.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zomkhuba, abanye abantu basabhekisela kwinqubo yokuchitheka kwama-flocculants njenge-hydrolysis. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi incazelo ye-hydrolysis ukubola kwamanzi, okungukusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-hydrolysis kaPam ikhishwe i-ammonia igesi; Ukuchithwa kungukuphela kwesenzo somzimba, akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Lezi ezimbili zihlukile ngokuyisisekelo futhi akufanele zidideke.
03Okuqukethwe kwe-monomer okusele
Okuqukethwe okusalayo kwe-monomer kaPam kubhekisele kokuqukethwe kweacrylangaide monomerKu-acrylamide polymerization ku-polymemide kwinqubo yokuphendula okungaphelele futhi ekugcineni okusalayo emikhiqizweni ye-acrylamide. Kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ukukala ukuthi kufanelekile yini embonini yokudla. I-PolyAcrylamide ayilona ubuthi, kepha i-acrymide inobuthi obuthile. E-polylialialialialialial polylamide, kunzima ukugwema umkhondo osele we-acrymide monomer. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe yi-monomer esele ngaphakathiImikhiqizo ye-PAMkumele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Inani le-monomer eyinsalela ePam esetshenziswe ekuphuzeni kwamanzi nasembonini yokudla ayivunyelwe ukwedlula i-0.05% emhlabeni jikelele. Inani lemikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe adumile liphansi kune-0.03%.
04ukuhlakanipha
Isixazululo sePam sibonakale kakhulu. Isisindo se-molecular sikaPam, lapho kukhuphuka khona isixazululo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-macromolecule e-Pam Macromolecule amade, amaketanga amancana anokumelana okukhulu kokuhambisa isixazululo. Umnyombo we-viscosity ukukhombisa usayizi wamandla okungqubuzana kwikhambi, owaziwa nangokuthi yi-coeffliction yangaphakathi yokungqubuzana. I-viscosity yesixazululo sazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-polymer ziphezulu futhi ziyanda ngokwanda kwesisindo se-molecular. Indlela yokuthola isisindo se-moleecular of polymer organic udaba, ukunquma ukubonakala kwesisombululo esithile solumbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, bese kuthi ngokusho kwefomula ethile ukubala isisindo sayo samangqamuzana, esaziwa ngokuthi "isisindo se-viscose aphakathi molecular".
Isikhathi Seposi: Jan-12-2023