Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe zei-polyacrylamidengokuvamile isisindo samangqamuzana, i-hydrolysis degree, i-ionic degree, i-viscosity, okuqukethwe okusele kwe-monomer, ngakho-ke yahlulela ikhwalithi ye-PAM nayo ingahlulelwa kulezi zinkomba!
01Isisindo samangqamuzana
Isisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM siphezulu kakhulu futhi sithuthukiswe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.I-PAM, eyasetshenziswa ngawo-1970, yayinesisindo samangqamuzana ezigidi. Kusukela ngawo-1980, isisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM esebenza kahle kakhulu sasingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15, kanti ezinye zafinyelela ezigidini ezingu-20. “Ngayinye yala ma-molecule e-PAM yenziwe i-polymerized isuka kuma-acrylamide noma ama-sodium acrylate molecule angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu (i-acrylamide inesisindo samangqamuzana angu-71, kanti i-PAM enama-monomer ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu inesisindo samangqamuzana esiyizigidi ezingu-7.1).”
Ngokuvamile, i-PAM enesisindo esiphezulu se-molecular inokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwe-flocching, enesisindo se-molecular 71 se-acrylamide kanye nezigidi ezingu-7.1 ze-PAM eziqukethe i-100,000 monomers. Isisindo samangqamuzana e-polyacrylamide kanye nokuphuma kwawo kusuka emakhulwini ezinkulungwane kuya ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10, ngokusho kwesisindo samangqamuzana singahlukaniswa ngesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana (ngezansi kwesigidi esingu-1), isisindo samangqamuzana aphakathi (izigidi ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-10), isisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu. (izigidi ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-15), isisindo samangqamuzana amakhulu (ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15).
Isisindo samangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo ze-macromolecular, ngisho nasemkhiqizweni ofanayo asifani ngokuphelele, isisindo samangqamuzana okuzisholo isilinganiso saso.
02Izinga le-hydrolysis kanye nezinga le-ion
Idigri ye-ionic ye-PAM inomthelela omkhulu emphumeleni wayo wokusetshenziswa, kodwa inani layo elifanele lincike ohlotsheni kanye nemvelo yezinto eziphathwayo, kuzoba khona amanani angcono ahlukile ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene. Uma amandla e-ionic wento ephathwayo ephakeme (equkethe izinto ezingaphili), i-ionic degree ye-PAM kufanele ibe phezulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanele ibe phansi. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-anion libizwa ngokuthi izinga le-hydrolysis. Futhi i-ionic degree ngokuvamile ibhekisela kuma-cations.
Ionicity =n/(m+n)*100%
I-PAM ekhiqizwe esigabeni sokuqala yenziwe i-polymerized kusuka ku-monomer ye-polyacrylamide, eyayingenayo iqembu -COONA. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, i-NaOH kufanele yengezwe futhi ishisiswe ukuze i-hydrolyze ingxenye yeqembu -CONH2 ku -COONA. I-equation imi kanje:
-CONH2 + NaOH → -COONA + NH3↑
Igesi ye-ammonia ikhishwa ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis. Ingxenye ye-amide group hydrolysis ku-PAM ibizwa nge-degree of hydrolysis ye-PAM, okuyizinga le-anion. Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-PAM akulula, futhi ukusebenza kumpofu (ukushisa i-hydrolysis kuzokwenza isisindo samangqamuzana nokusebenza kwe-PAM kwehle kakhulu), bekungavamile ukusetshenziswa kusukela kuma-1980s.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje kwe-PAM kunezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhiqizo ye-anion degree, umsebenzisi angakwazi ngokuvumelana nesidingo futhi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwangempela ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene okufanele, akudingeki ukuba i-hydrolysis, emva kokuchithwa kungasetshenziswa.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zomkhuba, abanye abantu basabhekisela enqubweni yokuqedwa kwama-flocculants njenge-hydrolysis. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi incazelo ye-hydrolysis ukubola kwamanzi, okuwukusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-hydrolysis ye-PAM inegesi ye-ammonia ekhishwe; Ukuhlakazeka kuyisenzo somzimba kuphela, akukho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Okubili kuhluke kakhulu futhi akufanele kudideke.
03Okuqukethwe okusele kwe-monomer
Okuqukethwe okusele kwe-monomer ye-PAM kubhekise kokuqukethwe kwei-acrylamide monomerku-acrylamide polymerization ku-polyacrylamide ngenqubo yokusabela okungaphelele futhi ekugcineni kusale emikhiqizweni ye-acrylamide. Kuyipharamitha ebalulekile ukukala ukuthi iyifanele yini imboni yokudla. I-Polyacrylamide ayinabo ubuthi, kodwa i-acrylamide inobuthi obuthile. Ku-polyacrylamide yezimboni, kunzima ukugwema umkhondo wensalela we-acrylamide monomer engafakwanga. Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-monomer esele kuImikhiqizo ye-PAMkumele ilawulwe ngokuqinile. Inani le-monomer eyinsalela ku-PAM esetshenziswa emanzini okuphuza nemboni yokudla ayivunyelwe ukudlula u-0.05% emhlabeni jikelele. Inani lemikhiqizo yangaphandle edumile lingaphansi kuka-0.03%.
04i-viscosity
Isixazululo se-PAM sibukeka kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesisindo samangqamuzana e-PAM, kukhulu i-viscosity yesisombululo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-macromolecule e-PAM angamaketanga amade, amancane anokumelana okukhulu nokuhamba ngesisombululo. Ingqikithi ye-viscosity iwukubonisa usayizi wamandla okungqubuzana esixazululweni, owaziwa nangokuthi i-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi. I-viscosity yesisombululo sazo zonke izinhlobo ze-polymer organic matter iphezulu futhi iyanda ngokwanda kwesisindo samangqamuzana. Indlela yokunquma isisindo samangqamuzana e-polymer organic matter, iwukunquma i-viscosity yenhlanganisela ethile yesisombululo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, bese ngokuya ngefomula ethile ukubala isisindo sayo samangqamuzana, eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-viscose isilinganiso sesisindo samangqamuzana".
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-12-2023