Lapho ucabangela eyakhoukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolileinqubo, qala ngokunquma ukuthi yini okudingeka uyisuse emanzini ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokukhishwa.Ngokwelashwa okufanele ngamakhemikhali, ungasusa ama-ion kanye nezinto eziqinile ezincane ezincibilikisiwe emanzini, kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe.Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokuhlanza indle ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa: isilawuli se-pH, i-coagulant,i-flocculant.
I-Flocculant
Ama-flocculants asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi nasezinsizeni ukusiza ukususa okuqinile okumisiwe emanzini angcolile ngokugxilisa ukungcola kube amashidi noma "ama-flocs" antanta phezulu noma ahlale phansi.Angabuye asetshenziselwe ukuthambisa umcako, ukugxilisa udaka kanye nokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni.Ama-flocculants emvelo noma amaminerali afaka i-silica esebenzayo nama-polysaccharides, kuyilapho ama-synthetic flocculants evamei-polyacrylamide.
Kuye ngokukhokhiswa kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi angcolile, ama-flocculants angasetshenziswa yedwa noma ahlanganiswe nama-coagulants.Ama-flocculants ahlukile kuma-coagulantsngokuthi ngokuvamile ama-polymers, kuyilapho ama-coagulant ngokuvamile ewusawoti.Usayizi wamangqamuzana (isisindo) kanye nokuminyana kweshaja (iphesenti lama-molecule anamashaje e-anionic noma e-cationic) angahluka ukuze "alinganise" ukushajwa kwezinhlayiya emanzini futhi kubangele ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye futhi ziphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni.Ngokuvamile, ama-anionic flocculants asetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlayiya zamaminerali, kuyilapho ama-cationic flocculants asetshenziselwa ukubamba izinhlayiya eziphilayo.
PH umlawuli
Ukukhipha izinsimbi nokunye ukungcola okuncibilikisiwe emanzini angcolile, isilawuli se-pH singasetshenziswa.Ngokukhuphula i-pH yamanzi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise inani lama-ion e-hydroxide engalungile, lokhu kuzobangela ama-ion ensimbi ane-positive ukuthi ahlangane nalawa ma-ion e-hydroxide ashajwa kabi.Lokhu kubangela ukuhlungwa kwezinhlayiya zensimbi eziminyene nezingancibiliki.
I-coagulant
Kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ephatha izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, ama-coagulant angahlanganisa ukungcola okumisiwe ukuze kususwe kalula.Ama-coagulant amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukugezwa kuqala kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini ahlukaniswe abe yizigaba ezimbili: i-organic kanye ne-inorganic.
Ama-coagulant angaphili abiza kakhulu futhi angasetshenziselwa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene namanzi aluhlaza anoma iyiphi i-turbidity ephansi, futhi lolu hlelo lokusebenza aluwafanele ama-organic coagulants.Lapho engezwa emanzini, ama-coagulant angaphili asuka ku-aluminium noma ensimbi ayashona, amunca ukungcola emanzini futhi awahlanze.Lokhu kwaziwa ngele-"shanela-and-flocculate" indlela.Nakuba isebenza kahle, le nqubo inyusa inani eliphelele lodaka oludinga ukususwa emanzini.Ama-coagulants avamile ahlanganisa i-aluminium sulfate, i-aluminium chloride, ne-ferric sulfate.
Ama-coagulant e-organic anezinzuzo zomthamo ophansi, ukukhiqizwa okuncane kodaka futhi akukho mphumela ku-pH yamanzi ahlanziwe.Izibonelo zama-organic coagulant ajwayelekile zifaka i-polyamines ne-polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, kanye ne-melamine, i-formaldehyde nama-tannins.
umugqa wethu wama-flocculants kanye nama-coagulants uklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zezicelo ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula amaminerali, ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samakhemikhali okuhlanza amanzi ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokufaka isicelo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-15-2023